31 research outputs found
Model of Multilayer Knowledge Diffusion for Competence Development in an Organization
Growing role of intellectual capital within organizations is affecting new
strategies related to knowledge management and competence development. Among
different aspects related to this field, knowledge diffusion has become one of
interesting areas from both practitioner and researchers perspective. Several
models were proposed with main goal to simulate diffusion and to explain the
nature of these processes. Existing models are focused on knowledge diffusion
and they assume diffusion within a single layer using knowledge representation.
From the organizational perspective connecting several types of knowledge and
modelling changes of competence can bring additional value. In the article we
extended existing approaches by using multilayer diffusion model and focused on
analysis of competence development process. The proposed model describes
competence development process in a new way through horizontal and vertical
knowledge diffusion in multilayer network. In the network, agents collaborate
and interchange various kind of knowledge through different layers and this
mutual activities affect the competences in a positive or negative way. Taking
under consideration workers cognitive and social abilities and the previous
level of competence the new competence level can be estimated. The model is
developed to support competence management in different organizations
Studying Diffusion of Viral Content at Dyadic Level
Diffusion of information and viral content, social contagion and influence
are still topics of broad evaluation. As theory explaining the role of
influentials moves slightly to reduce their importance in the propagation of
viral content, authors of the following paper have studied the information
epidemic in a social networking platform in order to confirm recent theoretical
findings in this area. While most of related experiments focus on the level of
individuals, the elementary entities of the following analysis are dyads. The
authors study behavioral motifs that are possible to observe at the dyadic
level. The study shows significant differences between dyads that are more vs
less engaged in the diffusion process. Dyads that fuel the diffusion proccess
are characterized by stronger relationships (higher activity, more common
friends), more active and networked receiving party (higher centrality
measures), and higher authority centrality of person sending a viral message.Comment: ASONAM 2012, The 2012 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances
in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1291-129
Probing Limits of Information Spread with Sequential Seeding
We consider here information spread which propagates with certain probability
from nodes just activated to their not yet activated neighbors. Diffusion
cascades can be triggered by activation of even a small set of nodes. Such
activation is commonly performed in a single stage. A novel approach based on
sequential seeding is analyzed here resulting in three fundamental
contributions. First, we propose a coordinated execution of randomized choices
to enable precise comparison of different algorithms in general. We apply it
here when the newly activated nodes at each stage of spreading attempt to
activate their neighbors. Then, we present a formal proof that sequential
seeding delivers at least as large coverage as the single stage seeding does.
Moreover, we also show that, under modest assumptions, sequential seeding
achieves coverage provably better than the single stage based approach using
the same number of seeds and node ranking. Finally, we present experimental
results showing how single stage and sequential approaches on directed and
undirected graphs compare to the well-known greedy approach to provide the
objective measure of the sequential seeding benefits. Surprisingly, applying
sequential seeding to a simple degree-based selection leads to higher coverage
than achieved by the computationally expensive greedy approach currently
considered to be the best heuristic
IKHarvester - Informal eLearning with semantic web harvesting
Only recently, researchers and practitioners alike have begun to fully understand the potential of eLearning and have concentrated on new tools and technologies for creating, capturing and distributing knowledge. In order to support and extend those solutions we propose the idea of incorporating the informal knowledge into Learning Management Systems. Contributing to the body of research, problems of existing eLearning technologies are documented highlighting areas of definite improvement. Finally, semantic Web harvesting technology as a solution is explored in the form of the knowledge acquisition tool called IKHarvester
A picture is worth a thousand words: an empirical study on the influence of content visibility on diffusion processes within a virtual world
Studying information diffusion and the spread of goods in the real world and in many digital services can be extremely difficult since information about the information flows is challenging to accurately track. How information spreads has commonly been analysed from the perspective of homophily, social influence, and initial seed selection. However, in virtual worlds and virtual economies, the movements of information and goods can be precisely tracked. Therefore, these environments create laboratories for the accurate study of information diffusion characteristics that have been difficult to study in prior research. In this paper, we study how content visibility as well as sender and receiver characteristics, the relationship between them, and the types of multilayer social network layers affect content absorption and diffusion in virtual world. The results show that prior visibility of distributed content is the strongest predictor of content adoption and its further spread across networks. Among other analysed factors, the mechanics of diffusion, content quality, and content adoption by usersâ neighbours on the social activity layer had very strong influences on the adoption of new content.</p
Occupational risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection : the Polish experience
The disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed COVID-19, is asymptomatic or mild in
most cases. These patients do not need treatment in hospital and can be isolated at home. To date, most studies have been conducted among inpatients
with severe COVID-19. In this study, the authors surveyed patients with mild COVID-19 who remained in home isolation, and analyzed the sources
and occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on April 17-18, 2020,
among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who remained in home isolation in Poland. Data were acquired through a structured interview that included questions about the isolation course, symptoms, comorbidities, infection source, household characteristics, occupation, and workplace. Data
were presented with descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 4878 patients in home isolation, the authors were able to contact 3313. Of them, 1191 patients declined their invitation, and 2122 agreed to take part. The median age of the patients included in the study was 50 years; 59% were female.
Most patients (92%) had not been abroad before the infection. More than half (55%) knew how they became infected; of them, 75% became infected
at work. Of all patients, 70% were occupationally active. Nearly half of the occupationally active patients (48%) worked in healthcare, 3% worked in
public administration or defense, 3% worked in transportation, and 2% worked in education. Sixty-five percent of the occupationally active patients
worked in companies with >100 employees. Conclusions: Most of the patients with COVID-19 in home isolation in Poland were occupationally
active, wherein the majority of people who were aware of the source of SARS-CoV-2 infection worked in healthcare. As most of the infected patients
worked in companies with >100 employees, which is not a Polish employment pattern, the authors expect that smaller companies may have a lower
risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections
Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTICâHF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials
Aims:
The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTICâHF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTICâHF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.
Methods and Results:
Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA)ââ„âII, EF â€35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokineticâguided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50âmg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), nonâwhite (22%), mean age 65âyears] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NTâproBNP 1971âpg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTICâHF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressureâ<â100âmmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate <â30âmL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitrilâvalsartan at baseline (n = 1594).
Conclusions:
GALACTICâHF enrolled a wellâtreated, highârisk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation